Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have proven to be successful agents in inducing synthetic lethality in several\nmalignancies. Several PARP inhibitors have reached clinical trial testing for treatment in different cancers, and, recently, Olaparib\n(AZD2281) has gained both United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and the European Commission (EC) approval\nfor use in BRCA-mutated advanced ovarian cancer treatment. The need to identify biomarkers, their interactions in DNA damage\nrepair pathways, and their potential utility in identifying patients who are candidates for PARP inhibitor treatment is well\nrecognized. In this review, we detail many of the biomarkers that have been investigated for their ability to predict both PARP\ninhibitor sensitivity and resistance in preclinical studies as well as the results of several clinical trials that have tested the safety and\nefficacy of different PARP inhibitor agents in BRCA and non-BRCA-mutated cancers.
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